---
title: How to Build an AI Startup, and Do You Really Need To?
teaser: 'Artificial Intelligence (AI) is all the rage right now. Everyone has an opinion,
  which means it can be hard to cut through the hype, and get to grips with some practical
  down to Earth questions. Questions like “Can I build a new business that leverages
  AI?”, and “Where do I start?”.

  '
tags: artificial intelligence,machine learning,face recognition,neural networks,startup
author: Laurie Young
published_on: 2018-07-02
---

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is all the rage right now. Everyone has an
opinion, which means it can be hard to cut through the hype, and get to grips
with some practical down to Earth questions. Questions like “Can I build a new
business that leverages AI?”, and “Where do I start?”.

In this post I’m going to give you enough information to get started. I'll
start with a brief summary of what AI is at a conceptual level, addressing the
latest developments in NLP and image generation AIs, but without getting
side tracked by the detailed knowledge that while essential, can distract from
thinking about your business. After that I'll introduce four general steps to
go through when starting an AI business in today's dynamic environment.

It’s also worth being mindful that the hype around AI can make you think that if
you’re not using it in some form or another, you’re going to be left behind.
However in many ways AI is still in its early days, and it’s often not clear
when it's a good fit for you, and when it's over complicating things.

That’s not to say you shouldn’t use AI if you’re about to set out building a
new company. There are many large and compelling problems, just waiting to be
solved, that AI technology, even as it stands today, can really help with.

[tin_robots]: https://images.thoughtbot.com/blog-vellum-image-uploads/Y3nhWPBTvSBb1gx18Kna_jehyun-sung-477894-unsplash.jpg

## AI Basics

Understanding AI has become more nuanced recently, especially with
breakthroughsin NLP and image generation. Is it some robot
walking about your house or an app on your phone? Maybe it’s the whole phone.
Much of what’s been written about AI makes it hard to get your head around what
it actually is. On top of that, there are conversations about AI vs Machine
Learning (ML), and terms like Deep Learning (DL). For now I’m going to gloss
over the distinctions, in order to focus on the broader concepts, and how they
apply to the challenges of entrepreneurs.

Put simply, an AI is a piece of software (which may or may not be embedded into
a robot or microchip, or similar), that like many other types of software,
can take some input information, and turn it into some other information, the
output.

The only real difference from many other bits of software is that the
programmer didn’t have to give it step by step instructions on how to do that
transformation, and might not even know what those steps are.

Just like any software, AI can be wrapped up and packaged in a number of ways,
it could be embedded within an app, a voice controlled device or a website, as
well as many other options. So the answer to ”what is an AI?” maybe be any of
the above.

To keep things simple, when I talk about AI, I’ll be referring to the bit of
the software that takes input and produces output. The important bit is that it
can go from input to output in cases where it's hard to write down clear
explicit instructions on how to get from input to output.

These are the sort of tasks that humans are traditionally good at and computers
are traditionally bad at, at least individually. At huge volumes, humans are
bad at everything. Examples include facial recognition, sentiment analysis, and 
interpreting medical test results for subtle abnormalities.

## NLP and Image Generation: The Vanguard of AI

In the ever-expanding realm of AI, breakthroughs in Natural Language Processing (NLP)
and image generators have taken center stage. NLP allows machines to understand and 
generate human-like language, opening up new possibilities for applications such as 
chatbots, language translation, content summarization, and much more.

Image generators, on the other hand, have reached new heights, producing realistic and 
high-quality images, and starting to dive into video generation as well. This has serious
implications for various industries, from entertainment to design and especially sparked
debates on copyright laws around AI.

## Categorising AIs

Broadly speaking, you can split AIs into two categories: ones that do tasks so
common they are needed in many different contexts, like turning spoken speech
into written words, and ones that tackle more unique tasks, like detecting if a
set of heartbeat data shows evidence of a heart condition improving or
worsening.

The distinction is important because the common problems are often
already solved, and you can use an existing AI rather than creating your own
one. However, for unique challenges where no ready-made solution exists, building custom
AIs becomes imperative. This involves creating a neural network, a structure of simulated
neurons, and training it to develop a model for your specific problem.

## Existing AIs

As of 2023, the landscape of artificial intelligence (AI) has seen a surge in innovative 
solutions, presenting you with a broad spectrum of choices between existing AIs 
designed for common problems.

In this new expaned landscape AI solutions have made significant strides across various domains.
Here are some examples highlighting the diversity of AI applications:

- Speech-to-Text Services: Companies like OpenAI and IBM Watson offer robust speech-to-text APIs, allowing developers to integrate advanced speech recognition capabilities into their applications.
- Generative Language Models: Innovations in natural language processing (NLP) have led to the development of advanced language models such as GPT-4 by OpenAI and Bard by Google, enabling more nuanced and context-aware interactions.
- Visionary Image Generation: Startups like DALL-E by OpenAI or Midjourney showcase breakthroughs in image generation, producing unique and creative visuals based on textual descriptions.

These are more generalistic solutions that can be applied to solve a broad range of problems, or 
combined to serve a specific goal.

Incidentally, the fact these services are AI based is irrelevant to
you if you’re using them. All you care about, really, is that it gives
you good answers.

Before you go about trying to build your own AI, see if there is one already
created and packaged up in a way you can use.

## Custom or Bespoke AIs

The second category is custom or purpose built AIs. This is where the fun
starts. If you are trying to solve a problem that isn’t common enough for
existing solutions to be readily available, you need to create your own AI.

This is often the case when the envisioned AI solution has to navigate a complex
set of data in very specific scenarios. A couple of examples are:

- Financial Technology: These can provide AI-driven analytics for financial markets, offering insights into market events and potential impacts on various assets. However, it often relies on unique strategies and risk profiles, a tailored approach ensures the solution aligns with the organization's distinct requirements and objectives.
- Healthcare Diagnostics: Startups are developing custom AI solutions for medical image analysis, aiding in the early detection of diseases and providing insights for personalized treatment plans. These involve a wide range of image modalities, each with is own nuances. Additionally, diseases may require unique approaches, which require AI solutions to be finely tuned for.

At the abstract level this is actually pretty simple, but like most things it
very quickly gets hard once you dive into the detail. I’m trying to avoid the
programmatic details here, so I’m mostly going to stick at the abstract level.
But I need to get a little bit into the details to explain two concepts,
creating a network and training it to create a model.

## A Short Detour Into AI Details

There are a few different technical approaches, but the one getting the most
attention at the moment is Neural Networks. A neural net is a whole bunch of
simulated neurons that are connected together. A signal is sent to the first
set of neurons that may or may not signal other neurons, and so on. At the
other side of the network, an output signal is produced. For example, the
output signal might be a list of where the faces are in a photo.

There are two steps to building a neural net: creating the network, and
training it. To create the network you have to choose how many neurons there
are, and what sort of connections there are between them.

Once you have created a neural net you have to train it. Training it means
configuring each of the nodes with a mathematical function that tells it when
to pass on a signal it receives, and when not to. Fortunately you don’t do this
by hand, which would be extremely impractical.

To actually train a neural net you typically use a training framework to feed
your network a large amount of training data, most commonly telling it what the
correct output for that data is. The training framework creates the math
functions for each neuron.

The combination of the size and connection of neurons along with these
functions is called a model.

Once you have a model, there are a number of containers you can load it in, and
standards are emerging that allow you to load your model in web based
applications, mobile applications and so on.

If you want to know more about the technical side of AI, check out these articles
[What is Machine Learning?][], [What is Generative AI and LLMs, really?][]. If you
want to see details of a real-world application developed using AI checkout our
article on [Mining Gold in Digital Conversations][], and if you want to start coding your own, a good
place to start is [10 steps on the road to Deep Learning][].

From the point of view of someone trying to develop an AI to use in a business
context, the biggest problem you will face is: what data do you need and where
can you get it?

[What is Machine Learning?]: https://thoughtbot.com/blog/what-is-machine-learning
[What is Generative AI and LLMs, really?]: https://thoughtbot.com/blog/what-llms-are-in-ai
[Mining Gold in Digital Conversations]: https://thoughtbot.com/blog/mining-gold-in-digital-conversations
[10 steps on the road to Deep Learning]: https://medium.com/@julsimon/10-steps-on-the-road-to-deep-learning-part-1-f9e4b5c0a459

## Advice for Someone Building an AI Based Startup

Now we’ve established a bit about what an AI is, we can talk about how to build
an AI based startup.

There are four essential steps:

- Test your problem-solution fit
- Play the data-gathering / AI building game
- Build your product
- Develop a means for improving your AI

## Test Your Problem Solution Fit

As with pretty much any startup, if you’re not successfully solving a problem
that customers are willing to pay you for, you don’t have a startup.

Before you go too far, it’s important to test and be certain that there are
people willing to pay for what you're planning to build, and that it’s actually
possible to build what you have in mind.

You can test whether or not you can find people willing to pay for your
solution by using a number of solutions like a traditional lean approach, or
using a technique like our [Product Design Sprint][]. Importantly, one
of the nice things about AIs is that it's pretty easy to create a simple
version of your solution by using real humans or prototyping an MVP with a
combination of existing components.

Nowadays you can harness the advancements in NLP and image generation to create 
prototypes using existing AI services and real human interactions for key
activities that simulates your envisaged solution, letting you run product
solution tests before you commit to building a full on AI.

This raises the question, do you really need to build an AI? Just because AI is
an approach to solving your problem, it might not be the only way to do so.
Each case is different, but at this point, when you’re using real humans or
some other way to test your problem, stop and ask yourself the following
question: “What is it about my problem that means an AI is the best, or even
only solution?”

It’s harder, but also important to find out if the AI you’re going to depend on
can be built. Not every problem is one you can easily build an AI for. This is
a hard thing to do on your own, but you can reach out to someone who can help
you run some tests with your data to see if it's possible (we’d love to help
you!)

[Product Design Sprint]: https://thoughtbot.com/product-design-sprint/guide

## Play the Data-Gathering / AI Building game

If you’ve reached the point where you know your customers exist (and how to
reach them) and you have some confidence your AI can be built, it’s time to go
about building the first generation of your AI. As I mentioned above, you need
to gather some data, curate it to make sure it’s useful, then design a model
and train it.

In practice, it’s worth being aware that in many cases, the work required to
find, curate and manage the data is the biggest and hardest part of the
problem. Training a model is often demanding on computational time, but it’s
gathering and understanding the data that still requires a human intelligence
(at least for now) and that’s where you should expect to spend the bulk of your
problem solving efforts.

## Build Your Product

With any luck, at this point you have a working AI, but it’s not exactly easy
for your users to get stuff done. By now, you're probably comfortable
with talking about trained models, but it’s unlikely your users are.

I’ll bet they want to pick up their phone and launch an app, or maybe go to a
website or even talk to their voice activated home assistant.

That means you need to package your AI up into a product. Something that has a
user interface, and probably does a few other things beyond just what the AI
does.

Remember, a good product solves a real world problem. It’s no good having an AI
that can just look at a photo and tell you where the faces are. If your real
world problem is helping people learn names from a collection of photographs
you’d need to do a bit more. Ensure that your product not only leverages the
power of AI but also addresses the problem effectively.

For example you’d want to wrap that AI in a product that shows your users the
original photo, with boxes round the faces, and maybe asks them to write out
the name of each face in a text field. That way it can show them a series of
flash cards to remember the names of everyone they’re going to meet when they
go to that wedding their new date just asked them to accompany them to.

## Develop a Means for Improving Your AI

The better the data you can give an AI when you train it, the better it is.

Once you’ve launched your great new startup, you’re going to find that you
start gathering a load more data. Data that you didn’t have when you first
trained your AI. Can you use this to improve your AI and improve its accuracy?
Of course you can.

You probably guess that that's not quite as simple as it sounds. Fortunately
it’s not super hard either. It just requires some thought, and some attention.
At it’s basics this is an iterative process. As you gather more data you want
to capture it to build up your training data, then every so often use that data
to train up an updated model.

So the things you need to think about are how are you going to gather and store
that data? How often are you going to retrain your AI, and when you do, how are
you going to test if the new generation is better than the old one?

For the most part, these are detail-oriented questions rather than hard
questions. The best advice here is to raise this topic with the team building
your AI. They will be able to help you come up with best practices for data
capture, and best practices around deploying and testing updated AI models.

## Summary

My intention in this post was to give you a primer on AI so that you feel
empowered to move forward on whatever idea you’re considering. Moving forward
might mean to start testing out and building your own AI, or it might mean
asking if you even need to go down the AI route. If so, great, that’s an
excellent question to ask.

Either way, your next step is probably a conversation to have with your
technical team. If you don’t have a technical team, you can reach out to
someone to get more information, and get some answers to your questions.

Having experience of building projects, understanding data sets and working
with AI, we are in a great position to help you with your questions. We would
love to help with your questions, and who knows, maybe we can work together. [Do
get in touch, we’d be happy to hear from you][].

[Do get in touch, we’d be happy to hear from you]: https://thoughtbot.com/hire-us